نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Abstract
Engineered cell-based immunotherapy, particularly CAR-T and CAR-NK, has created a fundamental transformation in cancer treatment over the past decade. CAR-T cells were first used with significant clinical success in treating hematologic malignancies such as pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas . The development of different CAR generations by adding co-stimulatory domains like CD28 and 4-1BB improved the stability and anti-tumor potency of these cells . In contrast, CAR-NK has emerged as a novel option, offering the potential for greater safety, reduced toxicity, and allogeneic use .
This article, using an analytical-research method and a systematic review approach of credible scientific sources, examines the design principles and mechanisms of action of CAR-T and CAR-NK, clinical data, limitations, and ethical and regulatory considerations. Recent innovations such as logic-gated CARs, TRUCKs, genome editing, and the prospects for application in solid tumors are also analyzed.
Study results indicate that CAR-T is considered a standard treatment for some blood cancers and has achieved high rates of treatment response and long-term survival in patients; although side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity pose serious limitations . In contrast, CAR-NK cells have been introduced in initial clinical trials with significant efficacy, lower toxicity, and the potential for off-the-shelf allogeneic production, although their lesser persistence and expansion compared to CAR-T is a major challenge. Preclinical evidence also shows that combining these methods with technologies such as gene editing and optimized costimulatory molecules can overcome these limitations.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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